Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te ngongo waipēhi tika mō āu tukanga:
Ngā ngongo waipēhihe mea nui mō ngā tukanga ahumahi me ngā tukanga arumoni maha, hei tautoko i ngā mahi haumaru me te whai hua.
He whānuitia ngā momo ngongo e wātea ana mō ngā tono katoa – mai i ngā ngongo ātete matū me ngā ngongo pēhanga teitei ki ngā ngongo pakari e pai ana mō te whakamahi i ngā taiao kīkī, mōrearea rānei.
Hei whiriwhiri me te tāuta i te ngongo tika, he mea nui kia mārama koe ki ngā kaupapa matua o ngā ngongo waipēhi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake o tō tono e hiahiatia ana:
He aha te ngongo waipēhi?
He ngongo waipēhi motuhake te ngongo waipēhi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi me ngā taiao arumoni. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā mīhini waipēhi, ka honoa ngā takirere, ngā taputapu me ngā pūkaha e taea ai te rere o ngā wai, o ngā hau rānei mai i tētahi wāhanga ki tētahi atu.
Te hanganga o te ngongo waipēhi:
Kei roto i ngā ngongo waipēhi he ngongo o roto kei roto i tētahi paparanga whakapakari me ngā paparanga tiaki o waho. Ka whiriwhiria te rauemi o te ngongo o roto kia hototahi ki ngā wai, ngā pāmahana, ngā pēhanga, me ngā nekehanga e hiahiatia ana mō te ngongo. Ka hangaia ngā paparanga o waho kia rite ki te kaha me te roa e hiahiatia ana mō te ngongo i roto i tōna taiao mahi. Me pakari te hanganga o te ngongo waipēhi kia tu atu i ngā pēhanga o roto, o waho hoki.
Ka taea te hanga i te ngongo o roto mai i te rapa hangai, te PTFE, ngā kirihou wera rānei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga me ngā pēhanga o ngā wai, o ngā hau rānei i roto. Ka taea te hanga i te whakakaha mai i ngā paparanga kotahi, maha o te waea whiri, te miro kakahu, te waea takai porowhita rānei. Ka taea te hanga i te paparanga tiaki mai i ngā rauemi ātete, ārai, me te ngāwari, i runga i ngā kaha o te taiao o waho.
He aha te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo waipēhi?
He mea nui ngā ngongo waipēhi i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, tae atu ki te whakahaere para, te hanga, te ahuwhenua me ngā pakihi rongoā. Ka kitea ēnei i runga i ngā waka me ngā tipu ki ngā mīhini motuhake, i ngā raina whakaputa rānei, e āwhina ana i te whānuitanga o ngā tukanga tae atu ki te horoi pehanga teitei, ngā raina hau, me ngā tono peita rehu.
Te haumaru o te ngongo waipēhi:
I te mea e whakamahia ana ngā ngongo waipēhi i roto i ngā ahumahi nui, i ngā taiao morearea rānei, he mea nui kia tika te whiriwhiri hua, kia huihui ngā ngongo me te tiaki. Mā tēnei ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā tūponotanga ā-tinana, ā-whakahaere, ā-taiao rānei, me te wā whakatā utu nui rānei.
He aha ngā momo ngongo waipēhi rerekē?
He whānuitanga o ngā ngongo waipēhi e wātea ana, e tika ana mō ngā pēhanga, ngā aukume, me ngā pāmahana i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā ngongo e ō rātou paparanga o waho, kia whiriwhiria ai kia pakari ki ngā pēhanga mahi me te taiao o waho. Kei roto i ēnei:
Ngongo whiri – He ngongo pēhanga teitei maha ngā whakamahinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono ahumahi whānui, ā, e tika ana mō te nuinga o ngā momo tono waipēhi me ngā wai hinu me te wai.
Ngongo porowhita – He ngongo pēhanga teitei ngāwari e tika ana mō te whakamahi me ngā pēhanga teitei me ngā pēhanga mahi tae atu ki te 50.0MPa, pērā i te waipēhi hama.
Ngongo werawera – He ngongo tino ngāwari, he iti te whakawhanuitanga rōrahi, he tino pai ngā wā urupare waipēhi, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te 80.0MPa.
P.T.FE– He ngongo tino ātete, ka taea te tu atu i te whānuitanga o ngā matū nā te mea he pai ake ōna āhuatanga kore-piri, ā, kāore hoki e mura, he mea tino pai mō ngā mahi kaha.
Ngongo pēhanga iti – He ngongo whiri kakahu, e tuku ana i te ngāwari mō ngā mahi mama engari kāore e taea te tu atu i ngā pēhanga teitei.
Ngongo whiri waea kowiri tira – He ngongo taumaha, he pakari, he kaha mō ngā mahi kaha, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga kino o waho.
He momo rerekē anō hoki ngā ngongo o roto, tae atu ki:
Rapa ātete hinu hangai – He pai mō ngā wai taiao me ngā wai hangai.
Polyester – He pai mō ngā wai me ngā hau ahumahi.
Polyamide – He tino ātete ki ngā wai pērā i ngā peita, ngā whakarewa whai hauwai, me ētahi atu matū.
P.TFE – He tino ātete ki te whakamahi me ngā matū me ngā whakarewa.
He aha te MPa? He inenga te megapascal (MPa) hei ine i te pēhanga. E whakamahia ana hei tohu i ngā awhe pēhanga me ngā whakatauranga mō ngā pūnaha waipēhi, nā te mea ka ine i ngā uara nui ake – 1 megapascal = 1,000,000 pascals, 10 Bar rānei.
Te whakapūmautanga o ngā ngongo waipēhi:
Ko ngā ngongo waipēhi e whakahaeretia ana e ngā paerewa ahumahi me te ao whānui – arā, ko ngā Paerewa SAE (i whakatakotoria e te Society of Automotive Engineers), me ngā Paerewa EN – kia mōhio ai rātou e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te paipa tika?
He mea nui te whiriwhiri tika i ngā hua me te huihuinga o ngā ngongo mō te whakahaere haumaru me te whai hua o ngā mīhini me ngā tukanga. Me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga me te tono e whai ake nei i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi ngongo waipēhi:
Ngā momo wai/hau – Ko te mea nui, me mōhio me mārama ki ngā wai, ngā hau rānei ka rere mā roto i te ngongo, me te kukū o ēnei, kia mōhio ai koe ki te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō te ngongo o roto. Hei tauira, me tino ātete ngā ngongo o roto mō ngā whakarewa kaha. Tērā pea me wero te taupoki ki te pine mō ngā hau.
Te Pāmahana - Muri iho, me mōhio te pāmahana whakahaere o ngā wai, o ngā hau rānei. Mā tēnei ka kore e whakaitihia te paipa o roto e ngā pāmahana teitei, e kore rānei e whakararuraru i tana mahi hei paipa wai i ngā pāmahana iti. Hei tāpiri, me mōhio ngā pāmahana o waho e karapoti ana i te ngongo wai, kia taea ai e te ngongo wai te mahi pai i roto i ngā pāmahana tino nui, te tu atu rānei i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana.
Pēhanga – Mā ngā pēhanga e rere ai ngā wai, ngā hau rānei i roto i te ngongo ka whakatau i te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō ngā paparanga katoa o te huihuinga ngongo, tae atu ki te kaha o ngā pikinga pēhanga. Mā ēnei āhuatanga mahi ka whakatau i te ātete ā-roto me te ātete ā-waho e hiahiatia ana.
Rahi – Me whai whakaaro te rahi o tō ngongo ki te whānui me te roa e tika ana. Ka whakatauhia te whānui o roto e ngā pēhanga o roto, ko te whānui o waho ia ka whakatauhia e te taumata tiaki e hiahiatia ana, e te wāhi e wātea ana me te whānui piko e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakawhirinaki te roa katoa ki te tawhiti i waenga i ngā wāhanga me te ngāwari e hiahiatia ana o te ngongo i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ka whakatau hoki te tere rere e hiahiatia ana i te roa me te whānui o te ngongo.
Ngā Pito me ngā Hononga – Ko te whiriwhiri pai i ngā ngongo me te tika o te huihuinga ngongo ki ngā pito me ngā hononga, kia mau ai te pakari me te ngāwari. Mā te miro hono tika mō ngā pito ka ārai i ngā turuturu ina hiritia. He mea nui ēnei hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā pakaru, ngā momotu rānei. Me whakarite kua whakamatautauria katoatia ngā hononga pito, ā, kua whakaaetia kia whakamahia me tō whiriwhiringa ngongo.
Te Wātea me te Utu – Me rite te ngongo waipēhi whakamutunga ki tō tahua, ki ō āheinga whakahaere, me te wātaka tiaki kia pai ai te whai huatanga me te pumau o te tukanga. Hei tauira, mēnā e tika ana, ka taea rānei te whakarerekē i ngā wāhanga o te whakamahinga o te ngongo kia uru ki tētahi huihuinga ngongo paerewa e wātea ake ana, e iti ake ana rānei te utu.
Mēnā kua mau ēnei mōhiotanga katoa i runga ake nei, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te ngongo waipēhi tika mō āu mahi.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2023