I-Polytetrafluoroethylene, okanye i-PTFE, sisixhobo esixhaphakileyo esisetyenziswa kakhulu phantse kuzo zonke iimboni ezinkulu. Le fluoropolymer enamafutha amaninzi nesetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ichukumisa wonke umntu ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso yeenqwelo-moya kunye neemoto (njengesigqubuthelo sokukhusela iintambo) ukuya ekugcinweni kwezixhobo zomculo (ifumaneka kwizixhobo zebrass zeoyile zevalvu kunye nezomoya wokhuni ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zazo ezihambayo). Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela idumileyo yokusebenzisa isetyenziswa njengendawo enganamatheliyo kwiimbiza nakwiipani. I-PTFE inokwenziwa ibe ziindawo ezibunjiweyo; isetyenziswe njengee-flexible pipe joints, ii-valve bodies, ii-insulators zombane, ii-bearings, kunye neegiya; kwaye ikhutshwe njenge-tubing.
Ukumelana kakhulu kweekhemikhali kunye nokungakwazi kweekhemikhali, kunye neempawu ze-PTFE ezilula kodwa ezomeleleyo, zenza ukuba ibe luncedo kakhulu ekuveliseni nasekusebenziseni izixhobo zonyango. Ngenxa yokuba iphantsi kakhulu kwi-coefficient of friction (eyindlela yezibalo yokuthi umphezulu uyatyibilika ngokumangalisayo),Imibhobho ye-PTFEingasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iikhemikhali eziqatha okanye izixhobo zonyango ekufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile kwaye zifuna indlela ekhuselekileyo yokungena emzimbeni ngexesha lotyando. Ityhubhu ye-PTFE ithambile kakhulu, inamandla kwaye incinci kangangokuba ifanelekile kwi-ID ye-catheter ekhokelayo (ububanzi obungaphakathi) apho izixhobo ezifana ne-stents, iibhaluni, i-atherectomy, okanye izixhobo ze-angioplasty kufuneka zityibilike ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kwengozi yokubanjwa okanye ukuvaleka. Ngenxa yokuba akukho nto inamathelayo kwezi zinto, inokuphazamisa nokukwazi kweebhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela usulelo ukuba zinamathele kwityhubhu kwaye zibangele usulelo olufunyenwe esibhedlele.
Zonke ezi mpawu zimangalisayo ze-PTFE zithetha ukuba phantse isoloko ibotshelelwe kwenye into. Ukuba isetyenziswa njengengubo, njenge-gasket yokutywina, okanye njengetyhubhu eneejakethi zePebax kunye nee-ferrules zeplastiki ezidityanisiweyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka inamathele kwenye into. Usenokuba uqaphele into esele siyithethile: akukho nto inamathela kwi-PTFE. Iimpawu ezenza le nto ibe nomtsalane kwiinkampani zezixhobo zonyango nazo zidla ngokudala imingeni yokuvelisa ngexesha lophuhliso lwemveliso kunye nemveliso. Ukufumana iingubo, ii-elastomers, kunye nezinye izinto zesixhobo ukuba zinamathele kwi-PTFE kunzima kakhulu kwaye kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo.
Ngoko ke, abavelisi bayenza njani le nto isetyenziswa kakhulu, engabotshwanga, ibotshelelwe? Kwaye bazi njani ukuba iphathwe okanye ilungisiwe kakuhle kwaye ikulungele ukubotshelelwa okanye ukugqunywa?
Ukubaluleka kokuchonga i-PTFE ngokweekhemikhali
Ukuze kuchazwe isizathu sokuba kufuneka ukugrumba ngeekhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba i-PTFE ingabi nanto yakwenza nokubopha. I-PTFE yenziwe ngee-chemical bonds ezizinzileyo kakhulu, ezenza kube nzima ukuba idibane nayo nayiphi na enye into, nokuba lixesha elifutshane.
Ekubeni i-PTFE ingangenisi khemikhali, oko kuthetha ukuba umphezulu awusabelani nazo naziphi na iimolekyuli zeekhemikhali ezidibana nazo, nokuba zezo zisemoyeni okanye ezo ziphezu kwezinye izinto, umphezulu wayo kufuneka uguqulwe ngokweekhemikhali ukuze unamathele kwiintambo, kwiimetali, okanye kwiityhubhu ezisetyenziswa kuzo.
Konke ukunamathela yinkqubo yeekhemikhali apho iileya eziphezulu ze-1-5 zemolekyuli zomphezulu zidibana neekhemikhali ezikhoyo kwiileya eziphezulu ze-1-5 zemolekyuli zalo naliphi na icandelo elisetyenziswa kulo. Ke ngoko, umphezulu we-PTFE kufuneka wenziwe usebenze ngokweekhemikhali kunokuba ungasebenzi ngokweekhemikhali ukuze uhlangane ngempumelelo. KwiSayensi yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, umphezulu osabela kakhulu kwaye unomdla wokunxulumana nezinye iimolekyuli ubizwa ngokuba "ngumphezulu onamandla aphezulu." Ngoko ke i-PTFE kufuneka ithathwe kwimeko "yamandla aphantsi", eyimeko yayo yokuqala, ukuya kumgangatho "wamandla aphezulu," onokubophelelana.
Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza oku, kuquka unyango lwe-vacuum plasma, kwaye kukho abanye abathi banokufikelela kumphezulu obophayo kwi-PTFE ngokuyigquma, ukuyigquma, okanye ukusebenzisa ii-primer ezenzelwe ii-PVC okanye ii-polyolefins. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo neyingqinwe ngokwesayensi yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-chemical etching.
Ukugrumba kuphula ezinye zezibopho ze-carbon-fluorine ze-PTFE (ezenza zonke ii-fluoropolymers), nto leyo etshintsha iimpawu zeekhemikhali zendawo egrumbiweyo, kuyisusa kumphezulu ongasebenziyo ukuya kosebenzayo kwaye okwaziyo ukusebenzisana neekhemikhali nezinye izinto. Umphezulu ophumayo awuthambisi kangako kodwa ngoku ungumphezulu onokuncamathiselwa, uxoxwe, okanye udityaniswe nezinye izinto, kunye nokuvumela ukuba uprintwe okanye ukrolwe kuwo.
Ukugrumba kwenziwa ngokubeka i-PTFE kwisisombululo se-sodium, njenge-Tetra Etch esetyenziswa rhoqo. Isiphumo seekhemikhali esiphumayo kunye nomphezulu sisusa iimolekyuli ze-fluorine kwi-carbon-fluorine backbone ye-fluoropolymer ishiya ii-athomu ze-carbon ezinqongopheleyo kwii-electron. Umphezulu osandul' ukugrumba unamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye xa utyhileke emoyeni, iimolekyuli ze-oksijini, umphunga wamanzi, kunye ne-hydrogen ziyavunyelwa ukuba zibhabhe zingene zithathe indawo yeemolekyuli ze-fluorine, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwee-electron. Le nkqubo yokubuyisela iphumela kwifilimu esebenzayo yeemolekyuli kumphezulu evumela ukunamathela.
Enye yezinto ezintle malunga nokugrumba kwamakhemikhali kukuba iyakwazi ukutshintsha kuphela iileya ezimbalwa eziphezulu zemolekyuli kwaye ishiye yonke i-PTFE ingasebenzi kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zayo ezizodwa.
Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukungaguquguquki Kwenkqubo Yokugcaba Kwekhemikhali.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-PTFE zihlala zifana kuba ukugrumba kweekhemikhali kuchaphazela kuphela iileya ezimbalwa eziphezulu zeemolekyuli. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho umbala omdaka okanye omdaka kwityhubhu. Ukwahluka kombala akubonakali ngathi kunxulumene nendlela umphezulu obotshelelwe ngayo, ngoko ke musa ukusebenzisa oku kutshintsha kombala njengophawu lokwenyani lokuba i-PTFE igrumbe kakuhle kangakanani.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ukuba ukugrumba kwakho kudale uhlobo lomphezulu owufunayo kukusebenzisa indlela esetyenziswa ngabo bonke oochwephesha bokugrumba: ukulinganisa i-engile yokudibana kwamanzi. Le ndlela yenziwa ngokubeka ithontsi lamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kwi-PTFE nokulinganisa indlela eziphatha ngayo elo thontsi. Ithontsi elincinci liya kuba lihle kuba litsaleleka kakhulu kulo kune-PTFE, okanye "liya kumanzi" kwaye lithambe phezu komphezulu kuba litsaleleka kakhulu kwi-PTFE. Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-etch yamakhemikhali iphumelela ngakumbi - kokukhona i-engile yokunxibelelana iphantsi (,ithontsi liya kuba lithambile). Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukuvavanya "ukumanzi" komphezulu kuba, ngokuyintloko, ukuba umphezulu ugrumbekile ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ithontsi lamanzi liyasasazeka, umphezulu omninzi uyamanzi.
Umfanekisongasentlaibonisa umbono wethontsi lamanzi ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi (ngaphakathi kwesangqa esincinci esityheli nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kwityhubhu ye-PTFE ngaphambi kokuba ikrolwe. Njengoko ubona, umphetho wethontsi wenza i-engile engama-95-degree kunye nomphezulu wetyhubhu.
Umfanekiso ongasentla ubonisa ithontsi elifanayo lamanzi elifakwe kwityhubhu ye-PTFE emva kokuba ikroliwe. Ungabona ukuba ithontsi lisasazeke ngakumbi kumphezulu wetyhubhu kuba isangqa esityheli nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sikhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umda wethontsi udala i-engile yoqhagamshelwano esezantsi nomphezulu wetyhubhu. Kwaye xa ulinganisa loo engile ngesixhobo seSurface Analyst, apho zombini ezi mifanekiso zithathwe khona, sibona ukuba, ewe, i-engile yi-38 degrees. Ukuba oko kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zethu ezimiselweyo zenani ekufuneka silibethe ukuqinisekisa ukuba le tyhubhu iyabotshelelwa, ngoko sisandula ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ukroliwe ngokwaneleyo.
Ukuze uvavanyo lwe-engile yoqhagamshelwano lwamanzi lusetyenziswe kakuhle, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neSurface Scientist ukuze uqonde ukuba loluphi uluhlu lwee-engile olufanelekileyo onokulufikelela emva kokuba ulusu lwakho luqhekekile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wakhe inkqubo yokubopha eqikelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwinkcazo enokulinganiselwa. Kuba ukuba uyazi ukuba kufuneka wenze umphezulu one-engile ethile yoqhagamshelwano, uyazi ukuba xa ulwenza, ukunamathela kwakho kuya kuba yimpumelelo.
Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokugrumba esebenzayo, kubalulekile ukuthatha umlinganiselo we-engile yokudibana kwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba ukugrumba kwenzeke. Ukufumana uvavanyo olusisiseko lokucoceka kukuvumela ukuba wazi kakuhle ukuba kufuneka zibe yintoni iiparameter ze-etch ukuze ufikelele kwiimfuno zakho ze-engile yokudibana.
Ukugcina i-Etch yakho
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-PTFE eqhotsiweyo kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuncamathelisa ephumelelayo. Ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto yiNdawo yoLawulo oluPhambili (CCP). Ezi CCP zikwindawo yonke kwinkqubo apho umphezulu wezinto unethuba lokutshintsha, nokuba kulungile okanye kubi, mhlawumbi ngempazamo. I-CCP yokugcina ibalulekile kwi-PTFE eqhotsiweyo kuba umphezulu osandul’ ukucocwa ngeekhemikhali uyasebenza kangangokuba nantoni na edibana nayo inokutshintsha kwaye yonakalise umsebenzi wakho.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina i-PTFE emva kokufakwa kwe-etch kukusebenzisa ipakeji yokuqala efike kuyo ukuba ingavalwa kwakhona. Ukuba ayifumaneki, iingxowa ezithintela i-UV ziyindlela elungileyo. Gcina i-PTFE kude nomoya kunye nokufuma kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukuyibopha, qiniseka ukuba uthatha umlinganiselo we-contact angle ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukubopha.
I-PTFE yinto engaqhelekanga enezicelo ezininzi, kodwa ukuze ifumane okuninzi kuyo, kufuneka ikrolwe ngeekhemikhali ize idityaniswe kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kwenziwa ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe uvavanyo olunovelwano kutshintsho lweekhemikhali kumphezulu. Sebenzisana nengcali yezinto eziqondayo inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa ukuze uphucule i-etch yakho kwaye ufake uqiniseko kumsebenzi wakho.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-17-2023