Polytetrafluoroethylene, kapena PTFE, ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale akuluakulu onse. Fluoropolymer iyi yopaka mafuta ambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri imakhudza aliyense kuyambira makampani opanga ndege ndi magalimoto (monga chophimba choteteza mawaya) mpaka kukonza zida zanyimbo (imapezeka mu mafuta a valavu ndi zida zamatabwa zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zawo zosuntha). Mwina ntchito yake yotchuka kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osamata pamiphika ndi mapani. PTFE ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala zigawo zoumbidwa; imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira mapaipi zosinthasintha, matupi a valavu, zotetezera magetsi, ma bearing, ndi magiya; ndipo imatulutsidwa ngati machubu.
Kukana kwambiri mankhwala ndi kusagwira ntchito kwa mankhwala, komanso mphamvu ya PTFE yopepuka koma yamphamvu, zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yopindulitsa kwambiri popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachipatala. Chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwake kochepa kwambiri (komwe ndi njira ya masamu yonenera kuti pamwamba pake ndi poterera kwambiri),Machubu a PTFEingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusamutsa mankhwala amphamvu kapena zida zachipatala zomwe ukhondo wake uyenera kusungidwa bwino ndipo zimafunika kulowa bwino m'thupi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Machubu a PTFE ndi opaka mafuta, olimba komanso owonda kwambiri kotero kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pa catheter ID yotsogolera (mkati mwake) komwe zida monga stents, mabaluni, atherectomy, kapena zida za angioplasty ziyenera kutsetsereka momasuka popanda kuopsezedwa ndi zingwe kapena kutsekedwa. Chifukwa palibe chomwe chimamatira ku chinthuchi, chingasokonezenso kuthekera kwa mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zina zopatsirana kuti zigwirizane ndi chubu ndikuyambitsa matenda omwe amabwera kuchipatala.
Makhalidwe onse odabwitsa a PTFE amatanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi china chake. Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba, ngati gasket yotsekera, kapena ngati chubu chokhala ndi majekete a Pebax ndi ma ferrules apulasitiki olumikizirana, mwina iyenera kumamatira ku chinthu china. Mwina mwazindikira zomwe tanena kale: palibe chomwe chimamatira ku PTFE. Makhalidwe omwe amapangitsa kuti chinthuchi chikhale chokopa kwambiri kwa makampani opanga zida zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amabweretsa mavuto popanga zinthu. Kupeza chophimba, ma elastomers, ndi zida zina kuti zigwirizane ndi PTFE ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna kuwongolera kokhwima kwa njira.
Ndiye, kodi opanga zinthu zimenezi amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji kwambiri, zosamangirika, kuti zikhale zomangirika? Ndipo amadziwa bwanji kuti zakonzedwa bwino ndipo zakonzeka kumangidwa kapena kupakidwa?
Kufunika kwa Kujambula PTFE Mwa Mankhwala
Kuti tifotokoze chifukwa chake kufunikira kwa etching ya mankhwala, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chomwe chimayambitsa kusowa kwa mgwirizano wa PTFE. PTFE imapangidwa ndi ma bond a mankhwala okhazikika kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ilumikizane ndi china chilichonse, ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa.
Popeza PTFE ndi yopanda mankhwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamwamba pake sipachitapo kanthu ndi mamolekyu aliwonse a mankhwala omwe amakumana nawo, kaya omwe ali mlengalenga kapena omwe ali pamwamba pa zinthu zina, pamwamba pake pamafunika kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala kuti agwirizane ndi mawaya, zitsulo, kapena machubu omwe akuyikidwapo.
Kugwirizana konse ndi njira ya mankhwala pomwe zigawo za mamolekyulu 1-5 zapamwamba za pamwamba zimalumikizana ndi mankhwala omwe ali pamwamba pa zigawo za mamolekyulu 1-5 zapamwamba za pamwamba pa chilichonse chomwe chikuyikidwapo. Chifukwa chake, pamwamba pa PTFE pamafunika kupangidwa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi mankhwala m'malo mopanda mankhwala kuti igwirizane bwino. Mu Materials Science, pamwamba pomwe pamakhala mphamvu zambiri komanso pofunitsitsa kugwirizana ndi mamolekyulu ena amatchedwa "pamwamba pa mphamvu zambiri." Chifukwa chake PTFE iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku "mphamvu zochepa", zomwe ndi momwe zimakhalira poyamba, kupita ku "mphamvu zambiri," zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa.
Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha vacuum plasma, ndipo pali ena omwe amati amatha kupeza malo ogwirizana pa PTFE mwa kupukuta, kupukuta, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma primer omwe adapangidwira PVC kapena polyolefins. Komabe, njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi ndi njira yotchedwa chemical etching.
Kuduladula kumaswa zina mwa zomangira za kaboni-fluorine za PTFE (zomwe zimapanga ma fluoropolymers onse), kwenikweni, kusintha makhalidwe a mankhwala a malo oduladula, kuwachotsa pamalo osagwira ntchito kupita pamalo omwe amatha kugwirana ntchito ndi zinthu zina. Malo omwe amachokera sali mafuta ambiri koma tsopano ndi malo omwe amatha kumangiriridwa, kupangidwa, kapena kulumikizidwa ndi zinthu zina, komanso kulola kuti asindikizidwe kapena kulembedwapo.
Kuduladula kumachitika poika PTFE mu sodium solution, monga Tetra Etch yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuyankha kwa mankhwala komwe kumachitika pamwamba kumachotsa mamolekyu a fluorine kuchokera ku msana wa carbon-fluorine wa fluoropolymer ndikusiya maatomu a carbon omwe ali ndi ma elekitironi osowa. Pamwamba pomwe pangodulidwa kumene pali mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ikawonekera mumlengalenga, mamolekyu a okosijeni, nthunzi yamadzi, ndi haidrojeni amaloledwa kuuluka kuti alowe m'malo mwa mamolekyu a fluorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi abwererenso. Njira yobwezeretsayi imabweretsa filimu yogwira ntchito ya mamolekyu pamwamba yomwe imalola kumamatira.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zokhudza kupukutira mankhwala ndichakuti amatha kusintha zigawo zochepa zapamwamba za mamolekyu ndikusiya PTFE yonse pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe ake onse apadera.
Momwe Mungatsimikizire Kugwirizana kwa Njira Yopangira Mankhwala.
Makhalidwe apakati a PTFE ndi omwewo chifukwa kupukutidwa kwa mankhwala kumakhudza zigawo zochepa kwambiri za mamolekyulu. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala utoto wa bulauni kapena wachikasu pa chubucho. Kusiyana kwa mitundu sikukuwoneka kuti kukugwirizana ndi momwe pamwamba pake palili polumikizirana, choncho musagwiritse ntchito kusintha kwa mtundu kumeneku ngati chizindikiro chenicheni cha momwe PTFE inapukutidwira bwino.
Njira yabwino yodziwira kuti kupukuta kwanu kunapanga mtundu wa malo omwe mukufuna ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe akatswiri onse opukuta amagwiritsa ntchito: kuyeza ngodya yolumikizana ndi madzi. Njirayi imachitika poika dontho la madzi oyera kwambiri pa PTFE ndikuyesa momwe dontholo limachitira. Dontho laling'onoli lidzakwera chifukwa limakopeka kwambiri ndi lokha kuposa PTFE, kapena "lidzanyowa" ndikuphwanyika pamwamba chifukwa limakopeka kwambiri ndi PTFE. Nthawi zambiri, kupukuta kwa mankhwala kumayenda bwino - ngodya yolumikizana imakhala yotsika (, dontho losalala) lidzakhala lotsika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuyesa "kunyowa" kwa pamwamba chifukwa, makamaka, ngati pamwamba pake pakonzedwa bwino ndipo dontho la madzi litafalikira, malo ambiri pamwamba pake amanyowa.
Chithunzichopamwambapaikuwonetsa dontho la madzi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi (mkati mwa mphete yaying'ono yachikasu ndi yabuluu) pa chubu cha PTFE isanalembedwe. Monga mukuonera, m'mphepete mwa dontholo mumapanga ngodya ya madigiri 95 ndi pamwamba pa chubu.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa dontho lofanana la madzi lomwe laikidwa pa chubu cha PTFE litadulidwa. Mutha kuona kuti dontholo lafalikira kwambiri pamwamba pa chubu chifukwa mphete yachikasu ndi yabuluu ndi yayikulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'mphepete mwa dontholo mukupanga ngodya yocheperako yolumikizana ndi pamwamba pa chubu. Ndipo poyesa ngodya imeneyo ndi chipangizo cha Surface Analyst, chomwe zithunzi zonsezi zinatengedwa, timawona kuti, inde, ngodyayo ndi madigiri 38. Ngati izi zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zathu za nambala yomwe tifunika kuigwira kuti titsimikizire kuti chubu ichi chikugwirizana, ndiye kuti tatsimikizira kuti pamwamba pake padulidwa mokwanira.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mayeso a ngodya yolumikizana ndi madzi, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi Surface Scientist kuti mumvetse bwino mtundu wa ngodya yoyenera kufikira mutagwiritsa ntchito etch yanu. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga njira yolumikizirana yodziwikiratu kutengera mtundu woyezera. Chifukwa ngati mukudziwa kuti muyenera kupanga malo okhala ndi ngodya inayake yolumikizirana, ndiye kuti mukudziwa kuti mukatero, kugwirira kwanu kudzakhala kopambana.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yodulira ikugwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuyeza ngodya yolumikizana ndi madzi musanadulira. Kupeza kuwunika koyambira kwa ukhondo kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa bwino zomwe zigawo za dulira ziyenera kukhala kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira pa ngodya yolumikizana.
Kusunga Chigoba Chanu
Kusunga bwino PTFE yodulidwa ndikofunikira kuti njira yogwirira ntchito ikhale yogwirizana bwino. Kusunga ndi kusunga zinthu ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri (Critical Control Point). Ma CCP amenewa ali paliponse pomwe pamwamba pa chinthucho pali mwayi wosintha, chabwino kapena choipa, ndipo mwina mosadziwa. CCP yosungiramo zinthu ndi yofunika kwambiri pa PTFE yodulidwa chifukwa pamwamba pake pamakhala poyera kwambiri kotero kuti chilichonse chomwe chingakhudze chingasinthe ndikuwononga ntchito yanu.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira PTFE pambuyo pa etch ndikugwiritsa ntchito phukusi loyambirira lomwe linafika ngati lingathe kutsekedwanso. Ngati silikupezeka, ndiye kuti matumba oletsa UV ndi njira ina yabwino. Sungani PTFE kutali ndi mpweya ndi chinyezi momwe mungathere, ndipo musanayese kuyilumikiza, onetsetsani kuti mwayesa ngodya yolumikizana kuti muwonetsetse kuti yasungabe mphamvu yake yolumikizana.
PTFE ndi chinthu chapadera kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, koma kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, chiyenera kudulidwa ndi mankhwala kenako n’kulumikizidwa nthawi zambiri. Kuti izi zitheke mokwanira, mayeso omwe amakhudza kusintha kwa mankhwala pamwamba pake ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Gwirizanani ndi katswiri wa zinthu zomwe zimamvetsetsa njira yanu yopangira zinthu kuti akonze bwino etch yanu ndikuyika chitsimikizo mu ntchito yanu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2023